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The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) is the successor to the Biblia Hebraica edited by Rudolf Kittel. To this day, it is the only complete scholarly edition of the Codex Leningradensis and contains all significant text variants and proposals for correction in the critical apparatus. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Genesis 1 3. This volume fills this gap by providing an introduction and glossary to the Masorah of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Although the volume could be used by any student of the Hebrew Bible, it is specifically designed to be helpful for students who are just learning Hebrew. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) is known to be the definitive edition of the Hebrew Bible. It is widely regarded as a reliable edition of the Hebrew and Aramaic scriptures and is the most widely used original-language edition among scholars. It is a revision of the third edition of the Biblia Hebraica edited by Rudolf Kittel. Biblia Hebraica. By Kittel, Rudolf, 1853-1929. Publication date 1905 Publisher Leipzig, Hinrichs Collection robarts; toronto. PDF download. Download 1 file. Jul 14, 2011  Most people would be shocked to learn the theological positions of Kittel. He despised Jews, denied that salvation is through Jesus Christ, denied the atonement, rejected the inspiration of scripture, contradicted the words of Jesus, and then put all these views into writing, so as to be sure and leave a written record of his personal hostility to Jesus Christ, Christianity, the Reformation.

📒The Masorah Of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensiaby Page H. Kelley

Biblia Hebraica Kittel Pdf 2017

DESCRIPTION : One of the barriers involved in teaching students of Biblical Hebrew about the Masorah is the lack of introductory literature on the subject. Although a lot of information about the Masorah is available in print, most of it is in technical professional journals or encyclopedia articles. Scattered about in disparate sources, often not in English, this literature is easier to ignore than it is to incorporate into introductory Hebrew classes. As a result, most students of Biblical Hebrew complete their studies without any background on the Masorah. This volume fills this gap by providing an introduction and glossary to the Masorah of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Although the volume could be used by any student of the Hebrew Bible, it is specifically designed to be helpful for students who are just learning Hebrew. Thus it can serve as an important parallel text for second semester or second year Hebrew courses. The introductory chapters give an overview of the field of Masoretic studies and explain the mechanics of using the Masorah of BHS. The annotated glossary provides students with definitions and explanations for most of the terms used in BHS, including examples.

DESCRIPTION : תורה - בראשית, שמות, ויקרא, במדבר, דברים נביאים - יהושוע, שופטים, שמואל א, שמואל ב, מלכים א, מלכים ב, ישעיהו, ירמיהו, יחזקאל, הושע, יואל, עמוס, עובדיה, יונה, מיכה, נחום, חבקוק, צפניה, חגיי, זכריה, מלאכי כתובים - דברי הימים א, דברי הימים ב, תהילים, איוב, משלי, רות, שיר השירים, קוהלת, איכה, אסתר, דנייאל, עזרא, נחמיה 이 책에 실린 모든 내용, 디자인, 이미지, 편집 구성은 저작권법에 의하여 보호를 받는 저작물입니다. 기독출판 소금으로부터 서면에 의한 허락 없이 무단전재와 무단복제를 금합니다. All content, designs, images, and edits in this book are protected by copyright law. Unauthorized reproduction or unauthorized copying is prohibited without written permission from SaltBible. כל התוכן, העיצובים, התמונות והעריכות שבספר זה מוגנים על ידי חוקי זכויות היוצרים. העתקה בלתי מורשית או העתקה בלתי מורשית אסורה ללא אישור בכתב מ- SaltBible.

DESCRIPTION :

DESCRIPTION : This classic introduction to textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible is now entirely updated. The book examines the transmission of the biblical text in its original languge, the history of its translation, the causes of corruption in the textual tradition, and the proper principles and techniques of textual criticism.

DESCRIPTION :

DESCRIPTION : This manual is designed to be used in conjunction with the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) and has the following goals: to enable beginners to gain access to the language of the text apparatus of BHS and to the Masoretic apparatus as well, to document the apparatus language of BHS in its entirety and to provide references to the Old testament text wherever possible, to propose a new concept of dealing with the apparatus of BHS and thus to advance the science of publishing critical editions of a text. These goals are achieved through a translation of the items of the apparatus of BHS into English and through a complex but clear presentation of the relevant material in paragraphs, figures, and indexes.

DESCRIPTION : Ernst Wurthwein?s introduction to the Biblia Hebraica has served since 1952 as a standard textbook for generations of students. This third edition, revised and expanded by Alexander Achilles Fischer, brings Wurthwein?s classic work up to date with the new Quinta edition of the Biblia Hebraica. Besides updating information throughout, this edition also includes a new chapter on the texts from Qumran.

DESCRIPTION : This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

📒Bibliotheca Britannica Or A General Index To British And Foreign Literatureby Robert Watt

DESCRIPTION :

DESCRIPTION : This is the first comprehensive listing of all books published in Spain, Portugal, Mexico and Peru or in Spanish or Portuguese before 1601. Iberian Books offers an analytical short title-catalogue of over 19,000 bibliographically distinct items, with reference to around 100,000 surviving copies in over 1,200 libraries worldwide. By drawing together information from many previously disparate published and online resources, it seeks to provide a single, powerful research resource. Fully-indexed, Iberian Books is an indispensible work of reference for all students and specialists interested in the literature, history and culture of the Iberian Peninsula in the early modern age, as well as historians of the European book world.Customers interested in this title may also be interested in: French Vernacular Books, edited by Andrew Pettegree, Malcolm Walsby and Alexander Wilkinson.

The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, abbreviated as BHS or rarely BH⁴, is an edition of the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible as preserved in the Leningrad Codex, and supplemented by masoretic and text-critical notes. It is the fourth edition in the Biblia Hebraica series started by Rudolf Kittel and is published by the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft (German Bible Society) in Stuttgart.

Publishing history[edit]

bhs is a revision of the third edition of the Biblia Hebraica, edited by Paul Kahle, the first printed Bible based on the Leningrad Codex. The footnotes are completely revised. It originally appeared in installments, from 1968 to 1976, with the first one-volume edition in 1977; it has been reprinted many times since.

The fifth reprint of the bhs was revised and redistributed in 1997. Work is currently under way at the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft to produce a completely reworked and expanded edition in 20 volumes, known as the Biblia Hebraica Quinta or Fifth Hebrew Bible, which also includes references to and comparisons with recently released material from Qumran texts. Initial volumes of the Bible Hebraica Quinta have been available for sale since 2004. Completion of the project is intended by 2020.

BHS Fascicles and Editors[edit]

The work has been published in 15 fascicles from 1968 to 1976 according to this release schedule taken from the Latin prolegomena in the book.

The processing and development of the Masoretic annotations and notes within all editions of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia was the privilege of Gérard E. Weil. He also released the book Massorah Gedolah iuxta codicem Leningradensem B 19a at the Pontifical Biblical Institute in 1971, which is the very first Edition of the Masora Magna, what gives an idea of his unique expertise in relation to the Masora.

A print edition of the Leningrad Codex[edit]

The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia is meant to be an exact copy of the Masoretic Text as recorded in the Leningrad Codex. According to the introductory prolegomena of the book, the editors have 'accordingly refrained from removing obvious scribal errors'^[1] (these have then been noted in the critical apparatus). Diacritics like the Silluq and Meteg which were missing in the Leningrad Codex also have not been added.

The only exception to that is the Rafe diacritic which has been consistently omitted in the BHS due to 'almost insuperable technical difficulties' with its implementation in the typeface. This is not untypical, since almost every Hebrew Bible print edition, starting with Jacob ben Chayyim's Bombergiana omits the diacritic (because of its minor importance; it serves as a pronunciation help and is partially redundant due to the Dagesh diacritic, the 'opposite of the Rafe').

Like its predecessor the Biblia Hebraica Kittel the BHS adds the letters samekh 'ס' (for סתומה, setumah: 'closed portion') and 'פ' (for פתוחה, petuchah: 'open portion') into the text to indicate blank spaces in the Leningrad Codex, which divide the text into sections.

One more difference to the Leningrad Codex is the book order, the Books of Chronicles have been moved to the end as it appears in common Hebrew bibles, even though it precedes Psalms in the codex.

Contents[edit]

The BHS is composed of the three traditional divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures: the Torah (תורה 'instruction'), Neviim (נבאים 'prophets'), and the Ketuvim (כתבים 'writings').

In the margins are Masoretic notes. These are based on the codex, but have been heavily edited to make them more consistent and easier to understand. Even so, whole books have been written to explain these notes themselves. Some of the notes are marked sub loco ('in this place'), meaning that there appears to be some problem, often that they contradict the text. The editors never published any explanation of what the problems were, or how they might be resolved.

The sub loco notes do not necessarily explain interesting text variants; they are, in the vast majority, only notes on inaccurate word countings/frequencies. See Daniel S. Mynatt, The Sub Loco Notes in the Torah of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Bibal, 1994); Christopher Dost, The Sub-Loco Notes in the Torah of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Gorgias, 2016).

Footnotes record possible corrections to the Hebrew text. Many are based on the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and on early Bible translations ('versions') such as the Septuagint, Vulgate and Peshitta. Others are conjectural emendations.

Book order[edit]

The order of the biblical books generally follows the codex, even for the Ketuvim, where that order differs from most common printed Hebrew bibles. Thus the Book of Job comes after Psalms and before Proverbs, and the Megillot are in the order Ruth, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations and Esther. The only difference is with Chronicles.

The Torah:

1. Genesis [בראשית / B^ere’shit] (English rendering: 'In beginning')

2. Exodus [שמות / Sh^emot] (English rendering: 'Names')

3. Leviticus [ויקרא / Vayik^era’] (English rendering: 'And he called')

4. Numbers [במדבר / Bamid^ebar] (English rendering: 'In the wilderness')

5. Deuteronomy [דברים / D^evarim] (English rendering: 'The words')

The Nevi'im:

6. Joshua [יהושע / Y^ehoshua‛]

7. Judges [שופטים / Shoph^etim]

8. Samuel (I & II) [שמואל / Sh^emuel]

9. Kings (I & II) [מלכים / M^elakhim]

10. Isaiah [ישעיה / Y^esha‛yahu]

11. Jeremiah [ירמיה / Yir^emiyahu]

12. Ezekiel [יחזקאל / Y^ekhezq’el]

13. The Twelve Prophets [תרי עשר]

a. Hosea [הושע / Hoshea‛]

b. Joel [יואל / Yo’el]

c. Amos [עמוס / Amos]

d. Obadiah [עובדיה / ‛Ovadyah]

e. Jonah [יונה / Yonah]

f. Micah [מיכה / Mikhah]

g. Nahum [נחום / Nakhum]

h. Habakkuk [חבקוק /Havaquq]

i. Zephaniah [צפניה / Ts^ephanyah]

j. Haggai [חגי / Khagai]

k. Zechariah [זכריה / Z^ekharyah]

l. Malachi [מלאכי / Mal’akhi]

The Ketuvim

The Sifrei Emet, the poetic books:

14. Psalms [תהלים / Tehilim]

15. Job [איוב / ’Iyov]

16. Proverbs [משלי / Mishlei]

The Five Megillot or 'Five Scrolls':

17. Ruth [רות / Ruth]

18. Song of Songs [שיר השירים / Shir Hashirim]

19. Ecclesiastes [קהלת / Qoheleth]

20. Lamentations [איכה / Eikhah]

21. Esther [אסתר / Esther]

The rest of the 'Writings':

22. Daniel [דניאל / Dani’el]

23. Ezra-Nehemiah [עזרא ונחמיה / ‛Ezra’ v^eNekhemiah]

24. Chronicles (I & II) [דברי הימים / Div^erei Hayamim]

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: A Reader's Edition[edit]

In September 2014 an edition of the BHS called Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: A Reader's Edition (abbreviated as the BHS Reader) was published by the German Bible Society and Hendrickson Publishers. This edition features the same Hebrew text as the regular BHS, but without the Masora on the side margins and with a 'Lexical and Grammatical Apparatus' on the bottom of the page replacing the critical apparatus of the BHS.

It was done as a six-year project by Donald R. Vance (Oral Roberts University), George Athas (Moore Theological College) and Yael Avrahami (Oranim Academic College).

The edition defines an English translation to every word in the text: words that occur 70 times or more are listed in a glossary in the back of the book, and words that occur fewer than 70 times are listed in the apparatus. The translations were mostly taken out of the Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, but also from DCH^[a] and the Brown–Driver–Briggs.

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Pdf

Alongside with the translations it features a grammatical parsing of the words encoded in a system of abbreviations (e.g. an introductory example in the book states that the word 'והקריבו' from Lev 1:15 has the note 'Hr10s0 קרב' in the apparatus which means that the word is a 'Hiphil suffix conjugation third masculine singular verb with a wāv retentive and a third masculine singular pronominal suffix of the root קרב').^[2] It also has a 50-page appendix listing paradigm-tables for strong and weak verbal roots and noun suffixes.

The BHS Reader follows a tradition of 'reader's editions' of Bibles in the original languages. In March 2008 Zondervan published a similar edition done by A. Philip Brown II and Bryan W. Smith from Bob Jones University called A Reader's Hebrew Bible which is based on Westminster Leningrad Codex 4.10, virtually identical to the BHS. Their translations in the apparatus are based on the same dictionaries (with a threshold of 100 occurrences for glossary or apparatus translations instead of 70 in the BHS Reader) and a simpler parsing system.

Criticism[edit]

The bible scholar Emanuel Tov has criticised BHS somewhat for having errors.^[3]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^DCH: Dictionary of Classical Hebrew by David J. A. Clines

References[edit]

1. ^Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1997, page xii
2. ^Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: A Reader's Edition, 2014, page xiii
3. ^He states: 'The edition of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) originally appeared in fascicles which were corrected in the final printing, which carried the date 1967-1977. It was corrected again in the 1984 printing, yet even this printing contains mistakes'. Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Emanuel Tov, page 3. at Google books

Literature[edit]

bhs editions

• Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Standard Edition, ISBN978-3-438-05218-6
• Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Pocket Book Edition, ISBN978-3-438-05219-3
• Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Study Edition (paperback), ISBN978-3-438-05222-3
• Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Wide-Margin Edition, ISBN978-3-438-05224-7
• Biblia Sacra Utriusque Testamenti Editio Hebraica et Graeca (with Novum Testamentum Graece), ISBN978-3-438-05250-6

Biblia Hebraica Kittel Pdf 1

About the bhs

• Kelley, Page H, Mynatt, Daniel S and Crawford, Timothy G: The Masorah of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: Eerdmans, 1998
• Mynatt, Daniel S: The Sub Loco Notes in the Torah of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: Bibal Press, 1994
• Wonneberger, R: Understanding bhs: Biblical Institute Press, 1984
• Würthwein, Ernst: The Text of the Old Testament, an Introduction to the Biblia Hebraica (2nd edition): SCM Press, 1995
• Introduction to the Massoretico-Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible by C.D. Ginsburg